What is Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy?
Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove cysts from the ovaries. It involves making small keyhole incisions in the abdomen through which a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and surgical instruments are inserted to excise the cyst while preserving the healthy ovarian tissue. This procedure is preferred over open surgery for its faster recovery and minimal scarring.
Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is a safe and effective procedure to remove problematic ovarian cysts while preserving fertility and ovarian health. If you are experiencing persistent pelvic pain, bloating, or menstrual irregularities, consult your gynaecologist for early diagnosis and the best treatment options tailored to your needs.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, but when symptoms occur, they may include:
- Pelvic pain, especially during or between periods
- Bloating or abdominal swelling
- Pain during intercourse
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Difficulty emptying the bladder completely
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Lower back or thigh pain
- Nausea or vomiting if cysts rupture or cause torsion
Procedure or Treatment
During laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy:
- Anaesthesia: The patient is given general anaesthesia.
- Incisions: 2-3 small incisions are made in the lower abdomen.
- Laparoscope Insertion: A camera provides a clear view of the ovaries and cyst.
- Cyst Removal: The cyst is carefully separated from the ovary and removed using specialised instruments while conserving ovarian tissue.
- Closure: Incisions are closed with dissolvable stitches or surgical glue.
The procedure typically lasts 1-2 hours, and most patients are discharged the same day or after overnight observation.
Prevention
While ovarian cysts cannot always be prevented, certain measures may help:
- Regular pelvic examinations to monitor cyst growth
- Maintaining a healthy weight and hormonal balance
- Managing underlying conditions like PCOS with medical guidance
- Reporting unusual menstrual changes or pelvic pain early to your gynaecologist
Benefits of Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy
- Minimally invasive with small scars
- Faster recovery and shorter hospital stay
- Less postoperative pain and discomfort
- Preserves ovarian function and fertility
- Reduced risk of complications compared to open surgery
- Enhanced precision in cyst removal with minimal blood loss
Types of Ovarian Cysts Treated
Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy can treat various types of benign cysts, such as:
- Functional cysts (Follicular, Corpus luteum cysts): Common and usually harmless
- Dermoid cysts (Mature cystic teratomas): Contain tissue like hair or fat
- Endometriomas: Caused by endometriosis involving the ovaries
- Cystadenomas: Filled with watery or mucous fluid
- Hemorrhagic cysts: Bleeding cysts causing pain
- Paraovarian cysts: Adjacent to but separate from the ovary