Endometriotic Cyst - Khobragade Multispeciality Hospital

What is an Endometriotic Cyst?

An endometriotic cyst, also known as an endometrioma or chocolate cyst, is a type of ovarian cyst formed due to endometriosis. Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. When this tissue grows on the ovaries, it forms cysts filled with old, dark brown blood, hence called chocolate cysts. These cysts can cause pain, discomfort, and fertility issues if left untreated.

An endometriotic cyst is a serious gynecological condition that can affect a woman’s reproductive health and daily life. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical or surgical treatment help manage symptoms effectively, preserve fertility, and prevent further complications. Consult your gynecologist if you experience persistent pelvic pain or menstrual abnormalities to ensure timely care.

Symptoms of Endometriotic Cyst

Endometriotic cysts may show no symptoms in some women, while others may experience:

Pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea)
Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
Lower abdominal or pelvic discomfort outside menstrual periods
Heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding
Pain during urination or bowel movements, especially during periods
Infertility or difficulty conceiving
Fatigue or general weakness

If you experience these symptoms, consult your gynecologist for timely evaluation.

Procedure or Treatment for Endometriotic Cyst

Treatment depends on the size of the cyst, severity of symptoms, and fertility plans:

Medical Management
- Hormonal therapy such as birth control pills, GnRH agonists, or progestins to suppress endometriosis and reduce cyst growth.
- Pain relief medications like NSAIDs for symptom management.
Surgical Treatment
- Laparoscopic Cystectomy: Minimally invasive surgery to remove the cyst while preserving ovarian tissue, preferred for women desiring pregnancy.
- Oophorectomy: Removal of the entire ovary if the cyst is large, recurrent, or there is suspicion of malignancy.
- Hysterectomy with oophorectomy: For severe cases not responding to other treatments, especially if fertility is not a concern.

Prevention of Endometriotic Cyst

There is no definite way to prevent endometriotic cysts, but managing endometriosis early helps reduce risk.

Hormonal therapies may prevent recurrence after surgical removal.
Regular gynecological check-ups if you have endometriosis.
Healthy lifestyle with stress management and balanced diet to reduce inflammation.

Benefits of Treatment

Relief from chronic pelvic pain and discomfort
Improved menstrual regularity
Enhanced fertility outcomes in women planning pregnancy
Better quality of life and daily functioning
Reduced risk of complications, such as cyst rupture or damage to ovarian reserve

Types of Endometriotic Cysts

Endometriotic cysts are classified mainly based on location and nature:

Ovarian Endometriomas (Chocolate Cysts) – Most common type, found within ovaries, filled with old blood.
Superficial Endometriosis Lesions – Small implants on ovary surface, not forming a cyst but may co-exist with endometriomas.
Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE) – Though not cystic, severe form infiltrating pelvic organs, sometimes associated with endometriomas.