What is the Cervix?
The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It acts as a gateway between the uterus and the vaginal canal, allowing menstrual blood to flow out and sperm to enter for fertilisation. During childbirth, the cervix dilates to enable the baby’s passage.
The cervix plays a vital role in a woman’s reproductive health. Regular screening, preventive measures like HPV vaccination, and awareness of symptoms can protect against serious cervical diseases and ensure long-term health and well-being.
Symptoms of Cervical Problems
Problems related to the cervix often do not show symptoms in early stages but may include:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding (between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause)
- Abnormal vaginal discharge with foul odour
- Pain during intercourse
- Pelvic pain
- Difficulty urinating or painful urination
These symptoms can be linked to infections, inflammation, cervical polyps, or serious conditions like cervical cancer.
Procedures or Treatments for Cervical Conditions
Treatment depends on the underlying condition:
- Pap Smear and HPV Testing: Screening tests to detect cervical cell changes or HPV infections.
- Cryotherapy: Freezing abnormal cells to prevent cancer development.
- LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure): Removes abnormal cervical tissue.
- Conization: A cone-shaped piece of tissue is removed for biopsy or treatment.
- Antibiotics or Antiviral Medications: For infections like cervicitis.
- Surgery, Radiation, or Chemotherapy: For advanced cervical cancer.
Prevention of Cervical Problems
- Regular Pap Smears and HPV Testing: Early detection of abnormal cells prevents progression to cancer.
- HPV Vaccination: Protects against the virus causing most cervical cancers.
- Safe Sexual Practices: Using condoms and limiting sexual partners reduce infection risk.
- Avoid Smoking: Smoking increases cervical cancer risk.
- Prompt Treatment of Infections: Prevents complications and spread.
Benefits of Cervical Care
- Early detection and treatment of abnormalities prevent cancer.
- Ensures reproductive and sexual health.
- Reduces discomfort and complications from infections.
- Supports healthy pregnancies by maintaining cervical integrity.
Types of Cervical Conditions
- Cervicitis: Inflammation due to infection or irritation.
- Cervical Dysplasia: Precancerous changes in cervical cells.
- Cervical Polyps: Benign growths on the cervical lining.
- Cervical Stenosis: Narrowing of the cervical canal.
- Cervical Cancer: Malignant growth due to abnormal cell changes.