Ovarian Cystectomy - Khobragade Multispeciality Hospital

What is Ovarian Cystectomy?

Ovarian cystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove cysts from the ovary while preserving the ovary itself. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or within an ovary. This surgery is often performed when cysts cause pain, persist over time, are large, or show suspicious features that may indicate cancer.

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Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, but when symptoms occur, they may include:

Pelvic pain, especially during periods or intercourse
Abdominal bloating or swelling
Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder completely
Menstrual irregularities
Pain in the lower back or thighs
Difficulty in conceiving (rare, but possible in some types of cysts)

Seek medical attention if there is sudden severe pain, fever, or vomiting, as it may indicate cyst rupture or ovarian torsion.

Procedure / Treatment

Preoperative Evaluation: Includes pelvic ultrasound, blood tests (including tumor markers if necessary), and clinical assessment.
Surgical Approach:
- Laparoscopy (Keyhole surgery): Minimally invasive technique involving small incisions, a camera, and specialized instruments to remove the cyst. It offers faster recovery, less pain, and minimal scarring.
- Laparotomy (Open surgery): Recommended for very large cysts or if malignancy is suspected. It involves a larger abdominal incision.
During Surgery: The cyst is carefully separated from the ovary and removed, preserving healthy ovarian tissue to maintain hormonal function and fertility.
Postoperative Care: Includes pain management, early mobilisation, and follow-up for histopathology results if the cyst is sent for analysis.

Prevention

While ovarian cysts cannot be completely prevented, the following can help:

Regular gynecological check-ups: Early detection and monitoring of cysts.
Hormonal contraceptives: May reduce the recurrence of functional cysts.
Managing underlying conditions: Like PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) through lifestyle modifications and medical treatment.
Awareness of symptoms: Prompt consultation for pelvic pain or menstrual irregularities.

Benefits of Ovarian Cystectomy

Relief from pelvic pain and discomfort
Preservation of ovarian function and hormonal balance
Reduced risk of cyst rupture or torsion
Accurate diagnosis through histopathological examination
Enhanced fertility in cases where cysts were interfering with ovulation

Types of Ovarian Cysts Treated with Cystectomy

Functional cysts: Such as follicular or corpus luteum cysts (though often resolve on their own)
Dermoid cysts (Mature cystic teratomas)
Endometriomas (Chocolate cysts)
Cystadenomas (serous or mucinous)
Hemorrhagic cysts
Other benign cystic lesions