Scrotal swelling & its management - Khobragade Multispeciality Hospital

What is Scrotal Swelling?

Scrotal swelling refers to an abnormal enlargement or lump in the scrotum—the sac of skin that holds the testicles. This swelling may involve one or both sides and can be caused by a variety of medical conditions ranging from mild to serious. While some cases are painless and temporary, others may be painful and require immediate medical attention. Understanding the underlying cause is essential for appropriate treatment.

Scrotal swelling is a condition that should never be ignored. Although some cases are harmless, others may indicate serious underlying problems requiring urgent medical care. At our clinic, we offer comprehensive evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans to ensure your reproductive and overall health is protected.

Symptoms of Scrotal Swelling

The symptoms of scrotal swelling vary based on the underlying cause, but common signs include:

Visible enlargement of the scrotum
Pain or discomfort in the scrotum or groin area
Redness or warmth in the scrotal skin
A feeling of heaviness or dragging
Presence of a lump or fluid-filled sac
Fever and nausea (in cases of infection or torsion)
Pain during urination or ejaculation
Swelling extending to the penis or thighs (in severe cases)

Causes and Types of Scrotal Swelling

Scrotal swelling can result from various conditions, including:

1. Hydrocele

A fluid-filled sac surrounding a testicle, common in newborns and older men. Usually painless.

2. Varicocele

An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, often affecting fertility.

3. Inguinal Hernia

Part of the intestine bulges into the scrotum through the groin, often seen as a soft swelling.

4. Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis, often due to bacterial infection or sexually transmitted diseases.

5. Testicular Torsion

A medical emergency where the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood supply to the testicle.

6. Orchitis

Inflammation of one or both testicles, often caused by viral infections like mumps.

7. Tumors or Testicular Cancer

Rare but serious; early detection is crucial for effective treatment.

Diagnosis and Investigations

A thorough clinical evaluation is essential. Diagnostic tools include:

Physical examination
Scrotal ultrasound – to evaluate fluid, masses, or blood flow
Urine tests – to detect infections
Blood tests – to check for signs of inflammation or cancer markers
STD testing – if infection is suspected
CT scan or MRI – in complex or unclear cases

Treatment & Management Options

Treatment depends on the cause of the swelling:

Medications
- Antibiotics (for infections like epididymitis or orchitis)
- Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs
Surgical Intervention
- Hydrocelectomy (for hydrocele)
- Varicocelectomy (for varicocele)
- Hernia repair
- Emergency surgery (for testicular torsion)
- Tumor removal or orchiectomy (for testicular cancer)
Supportive Care
- Scrotal elevation and cold compresses
- Wearing supportive underwear
- Rest and hydration

Prevention Tips

While not all types of scrotal swelling are preventable, these measures can help reduce risk:

Practice safe sex to avoid STDs
Avoid heavy lifting without support
Regular self-examination of testicles
Timely treatment of urinary or genital infections
Stay vaccinated (e.g., against mumps)

Benefits of Early Detection and Treatment

Prevents complications like infertility or permanent testicular damage
Reduces pain and discomfort
Promotes faster recovery
Improves quality of life
Enables better outcomes in case of cancer or torsion