Surgery for rectal prolapse - Khobragade Multispeciality Hospital

What is Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse is a medical condition where the rectum (the last part of the large intestine) slips out of its normal position and protrudes through the anus. This condition can be partial (only the inner lining of the rectum protrudes) or complete (the full thickness of the rectal wall slides out). Though more common in older adults and women, it can occur at any age due to various underlying causes, including chronic constipation, straining during bowel movements, or weakened pelvic muscles.

If you notice any unusual bulging from the anus, persistent constipation, or fecal incontinence, consult a colorectal specialist. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention can significantly improve your outcome and prevent long-term issues.

Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse

A visible bulge or protrusion from the anus, especially during or after a bowel movement
Sensation of incomplete bowel emptying
Mucus or blood discharge from the rectum
Fecal incontinence or difficulty controlling bowel movements
Rectal pain or discomfort
Constipation or frequent urge to defecate
Feeling of fullness in the rectal area

If left untreated, rectal prolapse can worsen over time and lead to complications like infection, tissue damage, or obstruction.

Surgical Treatment for Rectal Prolapse

Surgery is the most effective and long-term treatment for rectal prolapse. It aims to repair and reposition the rectum, restore bowel function, and relieve symptoms. The type of surgery depends on the patient’s age, overall health, severity of prolapse, and presence of other medical conditions.

Common Surgical Procedures Include:

Abdominal Rectopexy (Laparoscopic or Open):
- The rectum is lifted and secured to the sacrum (a bone in the pelvis) using sutures or mesh.
- Often performed laparoscopically (minimally invasive), which results in quicker recovery.
Perineal Procedures (Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy or Delorme Procedure):
- Done through the anus, suitable for elderly or high-risk patients.
- Involves removing the prolapsed segment and reattaching the healthy portion.
Robotic-Assisted Rectopexy:
- A modern, minimally invasive technique offering greater precision and shorter recovery time.

Prevention Tips

While not always preventable, certain measures can reduce the risk of rectal prolapse:

Eat a fiber-rich diet to prevent constipation
Stay hydrated
Avoid straining during bowel movements
Maintain a healthy weight
Practice pelvic floor strengthening exercises (like Kegels)
Seek timely treatment for chronic cough, constipation, or diarrhea

Benefits of Surgery for Rectal Prolapse

Permanent correction of the prolapse
Improved control over bowel movements
Relief from discomfort, pain, and bleeding
Enhanced quality of life and confidence
Reduced risk of recurrence or complications

Types of Rectal Prolapse

Full-thickness (Complete) Prolapse:
- The entire wall of the rectum protrudes through the anus.
Mucosal Prolapse:
- Only the inner lining of the rectum slides out.
Internal (Occult) Prolapse or Intussusception:
- The rectum folds into itself without coming out through the anus, often causing constipation and discomfort.